World View on Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World View on Religion - Essay Example Looking back on this I am curious as to why my parents would just stop participating, which in turn meant my siblings and I stopped participating in the church. I feel that this exposure to the church early in my life planted the seeds for the morals and values I can proudly say I have today. However as the expanse of time sense we left the church grew; I slowly started questioning the church and its members more and more. Slowly growing more disenfranchised until my tipping point in 2008 while deployed on board the USS Los Angeles. My early years were shaped by my parents teaching me the difference between right and wrong and how I should face the world little steps at a time. This is where I feel that religion has played a vital role. As a Catholic the concept of good is founded upon the teachings of Jesus Christ and of course the Bible. The Gospel plays an important function in this and how ideas that I correlate with my personal ethics are influenced. In this regard the idea of h eaven has played in my mind ever since. Jesus inspires us to be good to be worthy of the Kingdom of Heaven and most of what I know about this place came from the teachings of the church and mass media’s portrayal of it. In order for any good Catholic to achieve this, one must live virtuous life. I was told to do good to others and in one proverbial Catholic maxim: when someone throws you stones, throw bread in return. Correlatively, ‘Be good to thy neighbors’ immediately comes to mind. These are just some of the things that I have carried with me from childhood and I have always thought that they shape how I live and conduct myself to others. Without knowing what ethics is or understanding what it means including all its various types, this is what I know. The Ten Commandments is a fundamental fragment of the Catholic religion which differentiates it among others. From a time of lawlessness and chaos, God has sent to Moses His commandments to the people encapsula ted in ten short sentences. When I was a child, this is the first set of laws that I came across with. My days attending Sunday school was my first taste of beginning to comprehend what following rules meant. Slowly as I grow older these rules vary and complicate and how every person deals with it differs concurrently. In retrospect I realize how basic these things are and how at the same time they are so terribly difficult for us to follow. It baffles me how something so archaic such as the Ten Commandments is relevant then to the same extent it is today without us realizing. What it contains is nothing out of the ordinary and any sensible ethical proposition has contained basically the same core ideas. ‘Honor thy God,’ ‘Do not covet thy neighbor’s wife’ and ‘Honor thy parents’ are just some of the imperative notions that finds its value beyond Catholicism. Religion is a way that helps parents in rearing their children and teaching them to be good people in the future. I think that the bible is one good parenting book to serve as guide in times of uncertainty. It defines what any parent would want their child’s perception to be. Religion, in most cases, determines how we dress, what holidays we celebrate, what books we read and sometimes what language we speak. Though it is a fundamental Constitutional right to choose one’s religion and to change it at our will, it is our parents who initially decide for us and whether or not we adapt the same up to the moment that we die, what they have instilled have become a part of us that we cannot easily erase at our every whim. It creates a sense of belongingness and knowing that you are part of something, a tradition that extends far beyond yourself. This also paves the way for interaction which is especially meaningful

Domino's pizza case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Domino's pizza - Case Study Example This analysis presents the elemental constructs of the new information strategy, the digital technologies used in the implementation of the strategy as well as the qualification of such technology to be part or reminiscent of a digital ecosystem. Domino’s revolutionary information system stems primarily from operation innovation complimented by technology-enabled processes, and more specifically the store design. Since the basic steps of making pizza available entail placement of the order by the customer followed by an immediate order preparation that takes into consideration the waiting time duration balanced against quality maintenance, the need for store managers to monitor the rate of order preparation became imperative. Consequently, the business based on its operational design and available technology rolled out a program, the leaderboard that provides store managers with real-time information on performance analytics and operational metrics. Through this platform, store managers are able to monitor the performance of their respective stores relative to that of neighboring ones. In addition to providing information to the store managers, the leaderboard also relayed the same information to regional managers and to the headquarters, which implies that remote monitoring of store became possible. It also increased transparency in the operations of the stores since employees were able to track key performance indicators and make corrections whenever a situation arose that warranted such.

History of the Atom Discovery

History of the Atom Discovery Mohammad Shahraan Khan  Phys Helen O’Keefe The secrets of atom Democritus was the first one to suggest that objects are made from something called atoms. Although Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, the word ‘atoms’ is from the Greek word atoma which means individual. Democritus was around from 460 – 370 BC and he further deduced that atoms are solid spheres and that they can’t be split anymore. Next, Aristotle who was also an ancient Greek philosopher, offered that items or objects were made from ‘Elements’. He said that the elements are either earth, wind, fire, and water and the properties to go with it for example dry, cold, hot, wet. Something could be made by joining elements together and could be converted into other things by adding other elements. Aristotle’s atomic theory was to show that anything made with fire could be either hot or dry or if anything was made with earth, this could be either dry or cold. At that time arguments were established by thought, reason and debate, there were no experiments as experiments were thought to be vulgar. Now as Aristotle was a wealthy man and was treated as a celebrity, his explanations were based on familiar experiences, he made conclusions based on what he saw for example snow and fire joined together makes water. Whereas Democritus was not as popular and nobody wanted to believe him as his theory was saying that atoms couldn’t be seen. Basically Aristotle’s theory was the basis of atoms all the way to the middle ages. In addition, Robert Boyle who was around from 1627 – 1691, studied gases and conferred the likelihood of atoms existing. He predicted that elements are made from something called ‘corpuscles’. He stated that atoms are organised in groups and that different groups are different chemical substances. It was around his time that experiments has started to come around. Moreover, Isaac Newton was another scientist who was around 1643 – 1727, he also studied gases. He is famous for being the one who discovered gravity. He proposed a mechanical universe where solid masses were in movement. Also that atoms/particles are not stationary. Furthermore, Antoine Lavoisier who was around 1627 – 1691 became known as the father of modern chemistry. He was an excellent experimentalist, and as such he assembled an accurate and precise balance to investigate oxidation. He demonstrated that when a substance is oxidised, the increase in its mass is equal to the mass lost by the surrounding air. He stated one of the most fundamental laws of science which is the mass conservation law and it states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Additionally, John Dalton was around from 1766 – 1844 and he suggested a theory of atoms, which are that elements consists of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of the same element are alike whereas atoms of different elements vary in size, mass and other properties. Atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed. Compounds (molecules) are made when different elements are joined together in whole-number ratios. In a chemical reaction, atoms are linked, separated or rearranged. Likewise, during the 19th Century, people were eager to find new elements and by 1860, 60 new elements had been discovered. Then a scientist called Dimitri Mendeleev who was around in the time of 1834 – 1907, had a concept of classifying the elements. He rearranged the elements in order of ascending atomic weight, he discovered consistent patterns and he invented a table to predict presence of numerous elements. The modern version of the periodic table organises elements according to an ‘atomic number’. An atomic number is number of protons added with number of neutrons. Changes that are given to the modern periodic table are the positions of some elements. Also then in 1857, Heinrich Geissler experiments on whether electricity can still travel, if the air was taken away. So when most of the air was sucked out, the tube still glowed. This attributed the small amount of air left in the tube. He discovered different gases generated different colours of light. People liked this a lot and so used them for entertainment for example neon lights. Energy saving lightbulbs are an example of gas discharge tubes. Then another scientist named Crookes who made a vacuum tube and he made a better vacuum tube than Heinrich Geissler as it sucks more air out. As a result there is no glow in the tube but on the glass at the end of the tub glowed green. There a cross was produced a shadow on the screen. For the vacuum tube, whatever moved the current, travels in a straight line. Crookes designed a lightweight wheel to see if the rays made it turn. The experiment method was to apply a voltage to the apparatus, the wheel moved away from the cathode but the light wouldn’t turn this wheel. Cathode rays must be some kind of small particle. J.J. Thomson who was around 1856 – 1940 wanted to see if the particles could be strayed by a magnet and also if another voltage was applied to the tube. He designed an even better vacuum than Crookes’ and Heinrich Geissler’s vacuum tubes. He observed that the rays bounced towards the positive plate. Particles are negatively charged. He hypothesised that these particles are part of the atom. â€Å"†¦ the atoms of the elements consist of a number of negatively electrified corpuscles enclosed in a sphere of uniform positive electrification, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  1^ and 1* [Thomson, 1904] This was compared to a British dessert at the time so it became known as the plum pudding model. Ernest Rutherford was around from 1871-1937, was accountable for discoveries in radioactivity and nuclear physics. He was a student of J.J. Thomson and wanted to determine the size of the atom. He fired positively charged particle at a thin gold foil. He anticipated positively charged particles would not deviate as they passed through the positive sphere. Rutherford actually observed that about 2 in every 7 positive particles deflected back. â€Å"It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.† Ernest Rutherford. 2^ and 2* [Rutherford, 1964] He discovered alpha and beta rays that pioneered the laws of radioactive decay, and acknowledged alpha particles as helium nuclei. This showed that there is something in the centre of the atom and it contains most of the atomic mass. Rutherford clarified his results by saying that atoms is ma de up of mainly empty space, they are small, dense and that there is a positive sphere at the centre known as the nucleus. The positively charged particles are redirected if they are close enough to the nucleus and also that electrons orbit the nucleus. There is a theory known as the electromagnetic theory which states that any charged particle in a circular orbit radiates electromagnetic energy. The electron loses energy as it orbits the nucleus. The radius of its orbit decreases as the energy decreases. The electron should spiral towards the nucleus. The electron should emit electromagnetic waves as it loses energy at a mixture of frequencies over a certain range. The radiation spectra were not continuous. The emission spectra couldn’t be resolved with the Rutherford model, no one really understood why the formula worked. Although a scientist named J.J. Balmer has studied the emission spectrum for several elements. Spectra for other elements could be predicted using the formula. A mathematical model could be made on observations from hydrogen. Neils Bohr who was around at the time of 1885 – 1962 came with a revolutionary proposal which states energy of an orbiting atom is quantized i.e. only particular types of energies are allowed. Energies must be multiple of a base unit, he also proposed that the electrons could jump between orbits. He was the one that pioneered the quantum theory. The Bohr model shows that electrons orbit in shells of definite energy. If an electron changes from a higher to a lower energy state, the change in energy is proportional to the frequency f of the emitted photon. The energy is given off as a photon of definite energy. This relates line spectra to atomic model. Energy is only released when electrons moves to a lower energy state. Photon represents the â€Å"spare energy†. Planck proposed light travels in discrete packets of energy which is quanta. Quanta is photons. Photons move at the speed of light and they have an associated frequency. For the electron to emit light, minimum energy is required. Quantum theory explains the photoelectric effect. Einstein’s equation E = mc2 relates matter and energy. In conclusion the atomic structure and the atom itself is so interesting to learn about and you could spend millenniums studying about it. It built the way to radioactivity, x ray treatment, matter and anti-matter particles even dark matter just with atoms. This pioneered nanotechnology and most of the stuff we see today. The theory of relativity could be related to this in a way because atoms were the cause of all these theories we see today. Richard Feynman who became one of the best-known scientists in the world remarks about the atom in this statement â€Å"If all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis that all things are made of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied†¦Ã¢â‚¬  3* and 3^ [Feynman, 1998] this quote demonstrates that how atoms are so interesting and so interesting that even in millennia people will be studying it. Bibliography 1* Thomson, J.J. (1904). On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure (extract of paper). Philosophical Magazine, p.237 (British science journal) 2* Rutherford, E. (1964). Rutherford and the Nature of the Atom by E. N. da C. Andrade, p.111, and quoted in Nobel Laureates in chemistry (1901-1992) by Laylin K. James, p.57. 3* Feynman, R. (1998). Six Easy Pieces: Fundamentals of Physics Explained (Penguin Press Science, Paperback), p.4 References 1^ Plum Pudding Model. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model 2^ Ernest Rutherford. (n.d.). In Wikiquote. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford 3^ Richard Feynman. (n.d.). In The Information Philosopher. Retrieved 12th February 2015, from http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/feynman/ Word Count 1811

The Battle of the Pacific Essay -- Military History

Introduction April 1, 1945 the United States Military had its sights set on a small island chain known as the Ryukyu Islands. The main island of Okinawa would be the primary target. Sixty miles long and two to eighteen miles wide, this island was only three hundred and forty miles from mainland Japan. This island would put U.S. forces in air bombing range of mainland Japan. The Tenth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Butler, consisted of two Army divisions and Two Marine divisions. Also the United States Navy 5th Fleet commanded by Admiral Raymond Spruance. The thirty second Japanese Army, commanded by General Mitsuru Ushijima, would try to defend Okinawa. United States forces were met with little resistance during the invasion however this battle would prove to be one of the fiercest in the Pacific. A cost that did not have to be paid considering the atomic bomb would end the war weeks after the fighting had halted. History On December 7th 1941, the Japanese military attacked Pearl Harbor and Americans were caught completely off guard. Eight United States Navy ships were damaged and five were sunk. 2,403 Americans lost their lives with 1,178 wounded. This incident thrust the U.S. military into World War 2. The next three years the United States found themselves in fierce battles throughout the Pacific. The technique used is referred to as island hopping. After Midway, the Philippines, the Marianas, and Iwo Jima it was now time for Okinawa. Okinawa its self is a territory of Japan. The civilian populous, once a monarchy, was caught in the middle of a bloody battle. Planning and Preparation The original plan was to take the Island of Formosa, or Taiwan as it is commonly known. After... ... The staggering cost of this battle was one that didn’t necessarily have to be paid. On August 6th the first atomic bomb named Little Boy, was dropped on Hiroshima. Three days later a second atomic bomb, named Fat Man, was dropped on Nagasaki. On August 15th, just six weeks after the fighting on Okinawa was over, Japan announced its surrender. On September 2nd the official declaration of surrender was signed by the Japanese. References Fiefer, George Tennozan the Battle of Okinawa and the Atomic Bomb, Ticnor and Fields 1992 Leckie, Robert Okinawa the Last Battle of World War II, Viking Penguin 1995 Pryce, Richard O.K.K.A. â€Å"The Battle of Okinawa†, www.okka.co.uk/battleofokinawa.html Thomas, Evan Sea of Thunder, Simon and Schuster 2006 â€Å"World war II in Europe†, History Place 1997, www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.html

Editorial Essay

Deryn 6 June 2012 Should Uniforms be Worn in Schools? In recent years we have been faced with the question; should uniforms be worn in public schools? Some would agree with the idea of students switching out their regular attire for khakis and button-ups. But on the other hand, others, considering me, would like to see this generation flourish and express individuality. I understand that the supporters of this conception would like to see all students as equal beings and to not worry about whose wearing the latest outfit or coolest clothes.They believe it will eliminate barriers, social and economic, among schools, which is partially true, considering they all will be dressed alike, so no one will be cast out. However, this will just be another expense to the parents who already fund public schools through taxes. Also, it will make students potential targets for bullies from other schools, only masking the already present school violence. Faculty and school districts will also find i t difficult to enforce new dress codes, due to the fact that students will not be used to the new imposed apparel.Furthermore, students will have no sense of uniqueness because they will all be identical in a manner. They will have no right to freedom of expression because they will be bonded down by the chains of equality. We should not be forced to be the same. We should be encouraged to be different. Maybe if schools would teach kids to be proud of who they are we wouldn’t have to debate over whether or not we should wear school uniforms. We should keep school uniform wearing to a minimal and display distinctiveness in schools nationwide.

Observational Learning

There are a number of places where toddlers could be observed unobtrusively – at the park , the playground , the mall , and the daycare center . For the purpose of this study , however , I chose to go to the park and observe parents and their toddlers play together . This way , I could easily observe unobtrusively as people would think I was simply there to write or to write down my thoughts Another benefit that the park has to offer is the lack of formal structures and relationships such as those found at daycare centers .At the park , parents and toddlers could interact easily and in a relax manner . That way , the true nature of the relationship between the parents and the toddlers will be easily observed and analyzed and the understanding of the interactions between parents and children will be better understood . This then seeks to look at such a relationship by presenting direct observations from families and toddlers that visit the park in our community .I had a small n otebook with me and it is where I wrote down my observations , as well as the communication that went on between the parents and the children The toddlers that I observed were approximately between 16 to 30 months old and appeared to be pampered by care by their parents . One the toddlers belong to an Asian-American racial stock while the other one to an American family .Although the parents brought strollers with them the toddlers were walking and occasionally carried by their parents Both of the families of the toddlers seem to belong to the middle class Notably , the second toddler belongs to a mother without a father Although the author could not exactly know whether she is a single parent or not , at least based on the observation at the park , the mother does not have any other company in visiting the park Both toddlers appear to be enamored with their surroundings .They do notice the colors in the park and usually exclaim in delight when they see a butterfly or a bird . Appar ently , they are already starting to recognize some of the features of the environment and their understanding of what they are is already being formed in the minds of the young kids Toddler 1 The first toddler I observed is male . He displayed curiosity in his surroundings . While they were walking in the park , to the way where the family will sit down for an afternoon snack , the toddler was picking up sticks and leaves on the ground .He raised them to his eyes and offered them to his parents . The mother accepted the offer from the toddler and said that it was a leaf . She explained further that the leaf grows on the branch , which the toddler dutifully picked up and offered to her mother again . When the mother pronounced leaf ‘ and branch , the toddler also spoke up and attempted to pronounce the same words A child is very much curious and interested in his surroundings . As part of his cognitive development , he notices the shapes , colors , and different sensations and wonders he encounter in his world .Even at such a young age , he is also being initiated into the process of socialization where he learns the views of his parents and of the larger society where he is located (Turner , 1991 . The child , according to Piaget ‘s theory actively uses his senses to explore his environment and learn about them . Through the use of his senses , he is able to discern relationships among the actions he take and the behavior of the objects that he is viewing (Turner , 1991 Both the component of nature and nurture are at work in this seemingly simple process that the child is going through .He uses his eyes , his ears , his nose , and his whole body to discover the world and learn how it works . His efforts , because they are yet insufficient , are supplemented by his parents , more particularly by his mother , who tells him the names of objects and how they are being referred to in the world Through the explanation of the mother about the nature of t he relationship between leaves and branches , the child is then able to look at the relationship of different objects in his environment albeit in an incomplete fashion .The explanation of the mother regarding the relationship of leaves and branches may not be sufficient for the child to understand the relationship because most of the knowledge of a child advances through his actions and his interpretation about the consequences of the actions he make (Franz White , 1985 Notably , the toddler was now engaging in eye-to-eye contact with his parents and occasionally asks them for what he wants . His father brought out a ball that the toddler apparently loved playing with .The father and the child started playing with the ball – they played catch , and sometimes they would race together to get the ball first . The toddler was delighted with such play with his father . Although this is the case the child would also look at his mother and he asked her to come and join them . This is consistent with the theory of Erikson , which holds that the child ‘s relationship with his mother is perhaps the most important one during this stage of development (Franz White , 1985 The child continued to play with the ball and when he saw other children in the park , he also went to them and offered to play the ball with them .Apparently , toddler one has good socialization skills to the point that he can mingle with other kids even when his parents are around This points to the good relationship that the child is enjoying with his parents . Both his parents encouraged him to play with other children and watched him with other kids . True enough , when the child has strong relationships with his parents , he tends to be more socially responsive and socially amiable . In accordance with Psychosocial theorists , the child is displaying good emotional and social skills because his own relationship with his parents are also good and secure .Otherwise , he might become a re cluse and refuse the company of people (Charlesworth 2003 When Toddler one was playing ball with another child , there was an instance in which the other child managed to grab the ball more quickly than toddler one , so what he did was to forcibly claim the ball from his playmate and withheld it from the latter . Through this , the other child looked as if he was about to cry . It is at this moment that the mother of Toddler one intervened .The mother reasoned out firmly with the toddler in regards to sharing toys so that others would also learn how to share . The tone of the mother appeared to be negotiating instead of imposing . This display of authority on the part of the mother is remarkable and shows the secure connection between her and the child (Charlesworth , 2003 Toddler Two When I felt that I have sufficiently observed toddler one , I decided to turn my attention to another toddler playing with a dog not very far from the first toddler . The only companion of the toddler in the park is his mother and their Labrador .I had the impression , although this is difficult to verify , that the mother was a single parent The mother was silently looking after her child who was playing with the Labrador . Apart from the toy truck and the Frisbee that the child had there were no other toys that the mother had for the child . The mother appeared to be preoccupied with her own thoughts When toddler was not busy with his toy truck , he would play with the Frisbee and the dogs with the strength and the capability that he has The dog seems to act as a guard to the toddler . He does not socialize with other kids very much and he appears content to play by himself .The toddler , it seems is spending most of the time by himself . Although at first glance , this may seem to be a display of autonomy , yet in closer examination of the child , he does not enjoy the benefits that interaction with other kids and with his parent brings . These circumstances will therefore bri ng forth negative consequences in the development of the social skills of the child and he might find it difficult to relate with other people when he grows up (Keenan , 2002 When the child attempts to play farther from his mother , the latter would come after him and tell him not to move around too much .The mother actually uses her authority over the child to forbid him from going somewhere else . Apparently , the mother wants to keep the child in her sight most of the time . This kind of attitude might breed negative feelings in the child and will contribute to the insecurity of their relationship . Since the relationship of the child with his mother is of utmost importance (Charlesworth , 2003 , then his cognitive , emotional and social development will suffer as a consequence . The child also develops a kind of mistrust in the outside world and he will not view the outside world as a safe place .Instead , he might develop the attitude that he always needs his mother to look aft er him . Erikson warned against this over-protectiveness of parents as it prohibits children to explore and become curious of their environment . Hence instead of developing self-confidence and self-esteem , toddler two will instead feel shame and doubt (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two cried when his mother forbade him to wander into the park When the child cried , the mother responded by being firmer and she almost shouted to toddler two to stop . Instead of stopping , however toddler cried even louder and displayed tantrums .At this time , the mother punished toddler two by spanking him three times . After several minutes , toddler two stopped crying and remained where he was instead This display of authority may become inimical to the overall development of the child over the long run as the initiative and the natural curiosity of the child will be dampened and what he will remember most will be the fear associated with the parent ‘s discipline (Charlesworth 2003 Toddler two recovered from the spanking after several minutes by turning his attention to the dog and his Frisbee .By distracting himself , he forgot about the incident and started to enjoy himself again . His mother , however , still issued a warning for him not to move out of her sight ‘ According to Erikson , if the urge of the child to explore is removed , then the result would be a lower level of self-esteem on the part of the child (Franz White , 1985 Toddler two is very much to her mother , however , he is not sufficiently developing autonomy .Through the reprimands and the stern warnings of his mother , he becomes dependent on his mother and unable to explore his environment and his surroundings . Over the course of time as he discovers the world further , he may not have sufficient curiosity and initiative to move away from the familiar and instead , he would keep in sight of whoever is looking after him Conclusion Observing the two toddlers was a good experience for me . It was as if the concepts and theories discussed by Piaget and Erikson were coming to life .Indeed the role of the parents is very crucial in ensuring that a child receives the appropriate socialization and training even while he is young . The strength of the attachment of a child with his parents is very important for him to develop the necessary skills for socialization and in relating with others in his environment If the relationship of a child with his parents is good as demonstrated by the first toddler I observed , then the child will greatly benefit from it .If , however , the nature of the relationship bs on the dysfunctional , then the socialization skills of the child will be negatively affected . As he grows up , he will have struggles in relating with different kinds of people in his environment By observing toddlers , numerous lessons can be gleaned and the nature of the relationship between child and parents will be assessed Accordingly , intervention strategies could be a rrived at so that the child will not suffer needlessly .Furthermore , parents , and everyone dealing with children , should be sensitive to the different levels of development of the child as demonstrated by Piaget and Erikson . By doing so , perhaps the manner of bringing up of children will be better and over the long run , the society will become a better one because of the good rearing of the children Reference Charlesworth , R (2003 . Understanding Child Development : For Adults WhoWork With Young Children . New York : Thomson Delmar Learning Franz , C . E White , K . M (1985 . Individuation and attachment in personality development : Extending Erikson ‘s theory . Journal of Personality , 53 (2 , 224-256 Keenan , T (2002 . An Introduction to Child Development . London : Sage Publications Turner , . J (1991 . Relations between Attachment , Gender , and Behavior with Peers in Preschool . Child Development , 62 (6 , 1475-1488

A Society essays

A Society essays I have spent over time, searching an interesting author and novel or tale till I first found Virginia woolf. She had her literacy life make upon one of the most brilliant author who showed herself deeply engaged in social problems from her lifetime. I considered a hard task to develop some comments on regard to Virginia Woolfs work A society without having previous information of hers. Although, I heard a lot about several novelists and author in my studies at University, until I decided for the author above. Finally, let me show you what I considered more significant details on Virginia Woolf. Virginia Woolf felt the most manifestations of depression. Why did it happen to her? For instance, in those troubled years, she was emotionally disturbed because of the sexual advances of her half-brother George Duckworth. Her brother remained a tolerated but persistent troublesome presence in her life until she was in twenties. Of course, some critics have exaggerated the extent of this intrusion in her life as I have told you. It explains to us why she was considered a real feminist and possesses of deeply knowledge of womens world. Anyway, it helps me to identify her, as soon as, I start reading anything which remind of how women was defined only as sexual object. It was not all, in her tale A society; she chose an irony way to exposure another serious problem, that is, prejudice involving women. Doing it perfectly, so she was too skilled to convey her thinking into written language. Meanwhile her two daughters were educated for the most part by their parents, at home, Virginia was given the run of her fathers library. Her hours of reading were her real education. Although, she was well-literacy citizen, she was denied from university courses because of her sex. In this point, I could understand another theme of her tale A society sex discrimination. ...

Profile of beaches Essay Example

Profile of beaches Essay Example Profile of beaches Essay Profile of beaches Essay Introduction General Introduction The universe s coastlines, spliting the land from the sea, are geological environments which are alone in their composing and the physical procedure act uponing them. The bulk of these coastlines have beaches made up of loose deposits like crushed rock, sand, or clay that are continuously being acted upon by moving ridges, currents and air currents, redefining their form without break. Nevertheless, in malice of the assorted moving ridge climes that prevail around the universe and the difference in the coastline composing, the nature and behaviour of the beaches are often really similar. The air currents blowing over immense extents of oceans provide the necessary energy and impulse to moving ridges. This is accumulated energy is dispersed in the breaker zone and the breakage of moving ridges in this zone is mostly responsible for the formation of turbulency, which traps and suspends the deposits from the beach. Therefore the beach profile form is due to the action of moving ridges and currents at the shoreline. The moving ridges besides form nearshore currents that transport the suspended deposits alongshore or crossshore. Nearshore currents can travel tremendous measures of deposits along the shoreline and in the cross shore waies in volumes every bit big as 100s of 1000s of three-dimensional metres of sand per twelvemonth in some parts of the universe. Longshore currents are formed by moving ridges that break neither perpendicularly nor parallel to the shoreline and flow in the way comparable to the wave way. Many times, longshore current turns seaward to go rip current which carry deposit offshore. This motion of deposit is termed as the litteral impetus and the measure of deposit set in gesture along the seashore is the littoral conveyance. During a twelvemonth, wave environment alterations and so does the conveyance waies. But there is a dominant way of the deposit conveyance that prev ails at most coastlines. The way that is coinciding with this dominant conveyance way is known as downdrift and updrift is the opposite way. The cross shore conveyance is besides caused by moving ridge or air current induced average cross shore flows and is chiefly responsible for the presence of sand bars and other beach profile alterations. These profile alterations are normally slow, on the order of old ages in continuance or can happen quickly during storms, on the order of hours. The profile of beaches is one characteristic of coastal countries that are frequently studied and analysed. These cross subdivisions through coastlines give a better thought as to the alterations happening over clip at one point on the seashore, either in the form or size of a beach. The survey of a figure of profiles from the different points can garner informations about the motion of deposit along a seashore and to compare one country from another. Data collected can be plotted as a graph to bring forth the physical representative of the form of the beach and can besides be analysed statistically. Major beach eroding occurs during big storms. These storms besides stir the sand from the deeper deepnesss and convey it towards the breaker zone. However, some beaches have sound pumps with over capacity and are capable of self fix during bad times. But if this ego fix mechanism becomes damaged, beaches are more reactive to endure conditions and clime rhythms. Beach eroding of Westhampton Beach ( USA ) over a period of 40 old ages is shown in the diagram below. This tendency is about similar for img: Typical beach erosionmany beaches all over the universe. While promontories and drops erode, beaches are able to impede the action of moving ridges on them therefore doing themselves a formidable defence against the choler of the sea. Its constituents of ego fix are: ( 1 ) Drying of beach sand because of withdrawing tide and by air current and sunlight ; ( 2 ) Blowing of sand inland by sea air current ; ( 3 ) Storage of sand in the dunes. Therefore a beach is able to hive away sand and grow during favourable meteoric conditions. During bad conditions conditions, beaches erode and lie flatter. The ocean s degree was about 120 m lower than today as the expiration of the last ice age blocked in the mountain and the polar ice caps. At that clip the beaches were near to the boundary line of the Continental shelf. When the clime started warming, the sea degree rose and moved the beaches landwards along with its sand. The ocean s degree took some 4000 twelvemonth to lift and this procedure was over about 6000 old ages ago. Description of Mauritius Coastal Zone. Mauritius is a little island province covering 1865 km2 of land. It is situated at latitude 200 South and longitude 580 East, around 1,242 stat mis off the South East seashore of Africa. The coastline of Mauritius is 322 kilometer in length, is bordered by fringing coral reefs which confine a lagoon country of 243km2 and has the above 93 stat mis ( 150km ) of white flaxen beaches. The state is invariably air currents throughout the twelvemonth, except for short periods in summer months ( November to April ) when tropical storms approach the island. These air currents are stronger in winter ( May to October ) due to the presence of strong anticyclones go throughing near to Mauritius. The island besides has protected bays and composure lagunas which have enabled the development of fishing and touristry. Marine and coastal resources are one of the chief pillar to the national economic system. In 2000 the population of Mauritius was about 1.14 million and had a Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of Rs101.7 billion ( Central Statistics Office, as reported in Halcrow 2003 ) . The touristry scheme ( Deloitte A ; Touche 2002 ) sees a growing from the existent 9,000 hotels suites to around 20,000 in 2020. The coastal zones have witnessed a rapid encouragement in development over the past old ages and have been extensively exploited for assorted activities. This is due to the enlargement in tourer reachings, lifting from 103000 in 1977 to 656450 in 2000. Coral sand remotion ( 800,000 tonnes/yr ) and sewage discharge in the lagunas mean that some beaches and lagunas have been badly impacted. Furthermore there is the absence of a proper planning with regard to coastal development and unequal enforcement have resulted in building of edifices everyplace and constructions such as breakwaters and br eakwaters along the seashore. Thus the coastal zone has become under terrible emphasis. Description of the 3 coastal sites chosen Blue Bay the bay with its nice deep blue colour in the sou-east of Mauritius. The colourss of the sea are improbably powerful and consist of a assortment of many different blues. The Blue Bay has a really nice public beach which is absolutely suited for swimming and loosen uping. Blue Bay, every bit good as the general country in the south and south-east is non so much touristically tapped. That is why the beach of Blue Bay is really quiet during the hebdomad. On weekends, nevertheless, one has the feeling that the half population of Mauritus pilgrims journeies here to pass some nice free yearss at seaboard. They are besides really quiet at the weekends. Blue Bay is peculiarly celebrated for its snorkeling trips. Since 1997, a 353-hectare country which is located in the sea merely in forepart of the public beach is appointed as the first and until now the lone Marine Park in Mauritius. The grounds for the foundation are the unusual and alone coral gardens, which are situated here. The marine ecosystem provides a rare beauty with its many different species of vegetations and zoologies. These are particularly the corals, which are in an improbably good status. Overall a figure of approximately 72 different corals and 32 different species of fishes are founded in this country. The corals are sometimes even up to 800 old ages old. The public beach of St Felix is another beautiful beach of Mauritius. St. Felix is located besides in the South between the towns of Belle Ombre and Soulliac. Actually St Felix has even two public beaches ; nevertheless, the 2nd beach from the way of Le Morne is much more beautiful. To acquire at that place you have to go on the route after the way mark to the public beach of St Felix a small spot until you reach a traffic circle where you have to take the 3rd issue. The beach is fantastic, the exceptionally white sand, which flows into the turquoise viridity of the Indian Ocean of Mauritius, gives a fantastic contrast to the verdant trees of the back land. The beach of St Felix is really lonely and offers an first-class chance to chill out and loosen up. However, a little disadvantage from the beach of St Felix in Mauritius is that bathing is debatable. First the land of the laguna is covered with corals in which one or the other fish from the household of the extremely toxic rock fishes can be founded. Second the current can be rather strong and should non be sneezed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Purpose The purpose of this survey is to give an history of the spacial and temporal alterations in beach profile informations for the country of St Felix, Gris Gris and Blue Bay and to function as a baseline for farther research on coastal eroding for these 3 beaches. Aims This independent survey has two chief aims: To turn out what alterations in beach profile form has occurred on a spacial graduated table, along the length of St Felix, Gris Gris and Blue Bay and to bring forth a description study of these alterations. To determine what alterations in St Felix, Gris Gris and Blue Bay beach profile s form have occurred on a temporal graduated table and to supply a longitudinal and descriptive study of these alterations. Methodology The Emery board method which was developed by the celebrated coastal scientist, K.O Ernery, is the simplest technique to mensurate a beach profile. The setup consists of two bets which are connected by a rope of known length ( 5 M or 10 M ) as shown in figure 1.4 This length initiates the measurings interval along the profile for single information points. Each interest has a measurement graduated table running from 0 at the top, down to the underside. When the beach is inclining downwards towards the sea, the perceiver positions across the top of the interest confronting the sea to the degree of the skyline and calculates the distance ( a ) from the top of the board lying towards the land to the position afforded. On the contrary, if the beach is inclining upward off from the shore, so ( a ) is determined on the seaward board and the screening is with the skyline of the inland board. The deliberate distance ( a ) must be equal to the distance ( B ) even if the beach has either ris en or dropped within the horizontal distance between the bets ( Komar, 1998 ) . This attack has the advantages of holding cheap and light equipment which can be easy transported to hanker study sites for rapid studies, and provides really accurate informations for beach profiles. Fieldwork After holding selected the site for the beach profile measuring when geting at the beach, the first work is to tag a baseline ( a line in the sand which runs analogue to the shoreline ) . Measurement of beach profile ( lifts ) will be carried out along the baseline at specific intervals. These intervals will be labeled as the horizontal distance ( along the coastline ) ( ten ) . A landward surveyor, a offshore surveyor and a information recording equipment will be required to transport out the study. The landward surveyor is appointed for keeping the landward board, sing over the offshore board towards the skyline and shouting out the measuring ( centimeter ) to the informations recording equipment. The latter must observe down these measurings in an organized mode which includes the horizontal distance ( x ) of lift ( a ) and a cumulative alteration in all lifts for one profile measuring. The offshore board and do certain that the rope is flat between the 2 bets when extended by traveling the cringle up or down. Cross-shore information points of lifts are measured at the specific sampling intervals determined by the length of the rope when to the full extended, get downing at the landward extent of the base. If the beach is broad, more than 5 cross shore informations points should be collected. Datas Analysis A cumulative perpendicular lifts ( y-axis ) v/s the horizontal place ( x-axis ) must be plotted utilizing the beach profiles informations recorded. The existent beach profile will be revealed. If the horizontal and perpendicular graduated tables are equal, the beach profile may non look to be thrilling ( about like a horizontal line ) . If that is the instance, a technique called vertical hyperbole is used, ( to change perpendicular graduated table by a known factor e.g a factor of 5 or 10 ) . This technique is chiefly used by geographers, geologists and map makers. LITERATURE REVIEW A immense sum of informations refering several facets of beach profile informations exists around the universe. Sing measuring of beach profiles, Delgado and Lloyd ( 2004 ) elaborated one of the simplest technique of mensurating beach profiles in their paper ; explicating the method, and its pros and cons. The set-up is light and simple, can be conducted by one individual entirely, does non necessitate sighting of the skyline and can run in different conditions conditions. The lone equipment needed is a horizontal and perpendicular rod attached sheer to each other and, a graduated standing pole from which measurings can be taken. Besides systematic mistakes ( somewhat bent rods ) can be reduced by standardization on a level surface. This technique has been used in assorted locations and consequences have shown that mistakes associated with the Delgado and Lloyd method have an norm of 0.024m with respects to 50 m long profiles and a preciseness of 0.014 m when used by a individual pro filer. When compared to the usage of electronic methods ( transits ) to transport out the same study, the DL method shows a preciseness of 99.76 % . In malice of indicating out the truth of this method with regard to the beginnings of instrumented mistakes, Emery ( 1961 ) did non take into history the influence of the belongingss of different deposit surfaces on his method. Krause G ( 2004 ) showed that this consequence can non be disregarded as it can better the overall truth of the information. Furthermore it was proved that Emery method is sensitive to systematic mistakes introduced ( little divergences between the graduated tables of the 2 measuring poles ) . In order to accomplish 90 % truth with mistakes introduced, the minimal beach incline should non drop below 125 centimeter for a 100 m long profile. Increased trying spacing from 2 m to 10 m in order to speed up the study and cut down mistakes was deemed inacceptable if sampling intervals is in the order of hebdomads or months. Cooper et Al ( 2000 ) laid accent on the fact that coastal monitoring informations sets should be up-to-date and accurate because these informati ons will enable a better designation and apprehension of alterations happening at the shoreline. As shown above, the Emery method holds both because it is accurate on a dynamic beach. With added alterations to the original method, this technique is best suited for a good beach profile measuring.

Facts About the Bastille Day Holiday in France

Facts About the Bastille Day Holiday in France Bastille Day, the French national holiday, commemorates the storming of the Bastille, which took place on July 14, 1789 and marked the beginning of the French Revolution. The Bastille was a prison and a symbol of the absolute and arbitrary power of Louis the 16ths Ancient Regime. By capturing this symbol, the people signaled that the kings power was no longer absolute: power should be based on the Nation and be limited by a separation of powers. Etymology Bastille is an alternate spelling of bastide (fortification), from the Provenà §al word bastida (built). Theres also a verb: embastiller (to establish troops in a prison). Although the Bastille only held seven prisoners at the time of its capture, the storming of the prison was a symbol of liberty and the fight against oppression for all French citizens; like the Tricolore flag, it symbolized the Republics three ideals: Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity for all French citizens. It marked the end of absolute monarchy, the birth of the sovereign Nation, and, eventually, the creation of the (First) Republic, in 1792. Bastille Day was declared the French national holiday on July 6, 1880, on Benjamin Raspails recommendation, when the new Republic was firmly entrenched. Bastille Day has such a strong signification for the French because the holiday symbolizes the birth of the Republic. La Marseillaise La Marseillaise was written in 1792 and declared the French national anthem in 1795. Read and listen to the words. As in the US, where the signing of the Declaration of Independence signaled the start of the American Revolution, in France the storming of the Bastille began the Great Revolution. In both countries, the national holiday thus symbolizes the beginning of a new form of government. On the one-year anniversary of the fall of the Bastille, delegates from every region of France proclaimed their allegiance to a single national community during the Fà ªte de la Fà ©dà ©ration in Paris- the first time in history that a people had claimed their right to self-determination. The French Revolution The French Revolution had numerous causes which are greatly simplified and summarized here: Parliament wanted the king to share his absolute powers with an oligarchic parliament.Priests and other low-level religious figures wanted more money.Nobles also wanted to share some of the kings power.The middle class wanted the right to own land and to vote.The lower class were quite hostile in general and farmers were angry about tithes and feudal rights.Some historians claim that the revolutionaries were opposed to Catholicism more than to the king or the upper classes.

Cango Analysis Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cango Analysis Report - Research Paper Example ment deals with the process of implementation of the project related activities with regards to the process of conformation to the deadlines set towards the progress and completion of the project. It is of utmost importance to highlight that the lack of proper project management process results to the fact of duplication of efforts which leads to the process of increasing the organizational costs and thereby hampering the performance of the company (PM4DEV, 2007, p. 13). It is quite evident that the process of implementation of new technology like the ASRS is in line with the display of the project management skills of the employees of the company. 2. Better Awareness for Capabilities of new technology: It has to be increasingly taken into account, that the company officials are quite aware of the functional abilities regarding the new technology that is going to be implemented in the new company. This can be increasingly counted as a significant strong point for the company as it ca n be commonly assumed that the better availability of knowledge within the company with regards to the implementation of the new technology will help in the better and optimum utilization of the new technology in the course of implementation of the technology in the business processes of the startup company, Cango. 3. Better Identification of Needs: A very significant point of strength which is often considered critical from the perspective of an organization is increasingly highlighted in this case. It can be said that the people in the IT department of the company has a better identification of the needs in terms of the business process and this has led to the proper identification and feasibility study of the demand regarding the need for multiple ASRS and the probable benefits that the... The recommendations will definitely provide considerable amount of improvements as well as related benefits to the handling of business processes in the company besides the establishment of a proper business format for certain processes in the startup company.1.  Documentation of Problems: The process of documentation of the problems will help the company to address the issues that are being raised by the clients. Also, the process of documentation will help the company to identify and prioritize the problems on the basis of their urgency. This will also enhance the company’s ability to develop further solutions in the future, that will enable them solving similar kinds of issues when raised by the clients and customers.2.  Maintaining E-Memo: The process of lack intercommunication between inter-departments as well as intra-departments can be handled by the process of maintaining an online memo. This will streamline the process of updating team members as well as other dep artments about the progress of shared projects or assignments. This will also significantly benefit the employees by helping them to understand the priority order of assignments, and thereby help them to manage their time in a better manner.3.  Evaluation of ROI: It has to be increasingly taken into account, that there should be a proper policy regarding the process of evaluation of the investment towards the implementation of new technologies (Grembergen, 2001, p. 194). Apart from judging the functional as well as demand fulfilling abilities.

Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zara - Essay Example tay committed to the principles surrounding supply chain management. The make-buy decision In a bid to understand the direct impact of supply chain management on the running and development of organizations, Zara has been chosen to be a focal point in this essay. This essay will critically analyze the supply chain system in place at Zara and how best it is working. It would also discuss the weaknesses of the organization’s supply chain system and how it can be improved. Zara as a fashion retail organization has been chosen by the writer purposely because of the organization is fast developing attention among reviewers who have supply chain management as their focus. Such reviewers as Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis and Jose A.D. Machuca of Harvard Business Review place premium on the recent successes that Zara is recording with its retail of fashion products. The cause of the success has been linked to the company’s supply chain system. In the view of Ferdows, Lewis and Jose (2005), â€Å"Zara has hit on a formula for supply chain success that works.† One critical area of retailing, of which Zara as a retail organization is inclusive is the concept of make-buy decision. Make-buy decision would be especially useful for discussion as far as Zara is concerned because Zara is into retail of fashion products, of which it has the choice either to manufacture its products or to purchase them. According to the Encyclopedia of Management (2010), make-or-buy decision is the act of making a strategic choice between producing an item internally (in-house) or buy it externally (from an outside supplier).† Applying the principles of make-buy decision to Zara, it can be inferred that for the organization to make a decision whether to buy or make should be backed by carefully scrutinized strategic analysis. This is seen in the definition given by the encyclopedia, making mention of the word ‘strategic’. It should be observed that fashion is a global language, yet varying and versatile (Akuoko, 2009, p.19). This makes the demand of customers for a particular type or style of fashion change over time. Due to the unstable nature of world fashion, Zara must therefore have strategic analysis at management level that ensures that the core needs of varying consumers are met. Zara has consumers from all over Europe and from different cultures. This is both a challenge and an opportunity for the organization to be diversifying. This way, the make-buy decision should permit the organization to select the kinds of fashion line they can produce internally and those they would have to depend on from external sources. In deciding which to produce internally, the organization must factor in their areas of strength and specialization. Though it is common knowledge that â€Å"Zara's designers create approximately 40,000 new designs annually, from which 10,000 are selected for production† (Harvard Business Review, 2005), it c ould equally be true that the organization cannot be ‘master of all trade’. To this effect, the principle of buy-make decision permits the organization to produce only on its specialization and buy the rest. Sourcing Strategies and supply chain configurations The decision on what to buy or make may be a complicated one but once that

Solar and Renewable Power in the UK Literature review

Solar and Renewable Power in the UK - Literature review Example The work also provides an overall idea about the consumption of energy in various sectors. According to the information, transport industry is the biggest consumer that accounts for 33% of the total consumption in 1990. It was followed by domestic sector with 28% and industry with 26%. By 2001, there was a rise in energy consumption in transport, domestic and services sectors. To illustrate, in transport and services, the use rose by 1% and in domestic sector, it rose by 2%. Now, when the energy consumption is analysed according to the purpose, it becomes evident that in 1999, 38% of the total energy went to space heating and 22% was used for processes. To light appliances, 12% was used, and 8% of the total energy was consumed by water and lighting/appliances. All other purposes take up one fifth of the total energy. By 2000, there was a rise in the use of electricity for water, space heating and lighting. They rose by 1%, and 2% respectively. On the other hand, the process use decli ned by 7% (ibid). A look into the UK oil reserve and consumption through the Busby Report (2002) provides a picture that is grim. The country has a mere 0.3% of the global oil reserve. In addition, its oil production had peaked in the year 1999, and by 2010, it tailed off by 54%. Though the nation faced a decline in consumption by 12% in the period, it had to import 15.8% of its oil from other nations (ibid). Thus, it becomes evident that the nation is getting more and more dependent on imported oil. Similar is the case of natural gas in UK. The UK gas reserve fell considerably from 0.74 trillion cubic meters to 0.66 trillion cube meters between 2000 and 2001. By the year 2010, the reserve is just 0.25 trillion cubic meters. Thus, the nation’s 57.1 billion cubic meters of gas production is far behind its requirement of 93.8 billion cubic meters. As a result, the nation meets 39% of its gas requirement by import (ibid). Thus, the report points out that as a result of this increased need and decreasing oil and gas reserves, there is a rise in global demand for supplies of coal and oil. As a result, the nation will be forced to reduce its energy consumption by 75% if newer ways are not developed. In order to meet this issue, the article suggests certain solutions. The first one is the increased use of bio-diesel. It is pointed out that producing adequate amount of bio-diesel means utilising 8.5% of the agricultural land in UK for growing rape and beet. Another form of energy is landfill gas. Presently, it provides

Financial Analysis (Tesco and Wall-Mart) Coursework

Financial Analysis (Tesco and Wall-Mart) - Coursework Example Tesco plc is a general merchandise retailer and a multinational grocery, which is has its headquarters in Cheshunt, UK. Perhaps it is the world’s third largest retailer in terms of revenues. The other retailers that are ahead of it are Carrefour and Wal-Mart, and it is also the second largest in terms of profit, whereby it comes after Wal-Mart. The retailer has branches in fourteen states across North America, Asia, and Europe. In the United Kingdom, it is the leader in the grocery market whereby it controls a market share of about thirty percent. It was established by Cohen Jack back in the year 1919 as a small market stalls group (MacLaurin, 2002, p.76). Interestingly, the company generates approximately eighteen billion pounds in sales, offer employment for around one hundred and eighty thousand people and earn about seven hundred million pounds in revenue from outside of the United Kingdom. Currently, the have about two thousand and twenty six stores running outside the Un ited Kingdom. However, within the United Kingdom, the company runs two thousand, two hundred stores and offers employment for about two hundred and eighty five thousand individuals. ... The company employs around two million, one hundred thousand people from all over the world. The company has operations or presence in over ten states, which include China, Brazil, Argentina, Honduras, Nicaragua, Canada, Costa Rica, United Kingdom, Japan, India, El Salvador, Mexico, Chile and Guatemala (MacLaurin, 2002, p.26). They earn around one hundred billion dollars from stores that are located outside the United States, approximately twenty five percent of the total revenue. They run over eight thousand, four hundred stores across the globe. The company operates on a model of price leadership. Clients are aware that the company can offer them the lowest process for what they need. Unlike Wal-Mart, we find that Tesco Corporation decided to adopt a kind of approach that is multiple format not only in its native market but also in the global operations. Whereas the company managed to be successful in all the twelve international markets that it ventured in, Wal-Mart did not manage to be successful; that is it was not able to make a its presence felt in a number of markets (Simms, 2009, p.45). Nevertheless, after strongly managing to establish itself or making a mark in the emerging markets, in the year 2007, Tesco Corporation entered into the United States market after carrying out thorough and comprehensive groundwork. Tesco Company came out with a one of its kind novel convenient store approach, which is ‘Fresh & Easy’ based on its comprehensive market research and after a very short time, the approach proved to be a great success and considerably gained an extensive acceptability and was embraced by most of the consumers in the United

EMBA 560 discussion 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EMBA 560 discussion 5 - Essay Example So I searched in the internet for blogs to see how common people define it. The simplest description I got is that that of So (2008), who broke down authentic leadership into three components: self-awareness, develop and practice solid values, and lead with the heart. I was struck with this description because it was both simple and true. Self-awareness is important because most people do not realize when they are pretending, mostly to meet other people’s expectations. Solid values are crucial because they are the springboard of all our thoughts and actions. Most importantly, leading with the heart (grounded in solid values and the person’s true aspirations) connects with other people, such as the leader’s followers, in a way that engages people to people and elicits a greater commitment to the common goal. So I agree with the statement that a pretentious leader cannot yield sustainable success. An authentic leader delivers a message from the heart, and is theref ore also able to elicit a response from the heart. When the will is engaged in this way, there is a long-term commitment to sustained action, and therefore sustainable success. Messages delivered by inauthentic leaders fail to convince, are begrudgingly followed, and are soon forgotten, so success can only be short-term. Reference So, TTC. (18 July 2008) ‘Authentic Leadership – Authenticity Matters.’ Positive Psychology News Daily. Available at http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/timothy-so/20080718860 [Accessed 24 April 2013] 2. In your view, what makes an executive authentic? So (2008) described an authentic leader as having self-knowledge and solid values, and leading from the heart. Of all definitions of authentic leadership, this is probably the simplest, the easiest to comprehend, and the most complete. It includes intellectual awareness of oneself, moral grounding, and emotional candor. Of these three components, however, only one is definitive of the e ssence of authenticity. It cannot be self-awareness, which is a relative thing and can never be perfected, nor could anybody be sure that he/she is fully aware of the breadth and depth of his/herself. In fact, we evolve over time as persons, so our awareness of ourselves at any one time is already outdated. Also, how our self-knowledge is always subjective. Like Johari window (Darden, 2003) what we know about ourselves is only one quadrant. There are also those attributes known only to others, and those unknown to anyone. Then there is the development of solid values. Unfortunately, by the time we are advanced to the point of being leaders, we already have a firm set of values, whether they are good or bad, because valued are developed in childhood and adolescence. So there is not much an adult can do about his/her values but to recognize them. However, no matter their early upbringing or the level of their self-awareness, could always conduct their actions ‘from the heart.â⠂¬â„¢ Acting according to one’s convictions is entirely within the control of anyone at anytime; all one needs is the will to do it. This is the core of being an authentic executive, having the will to act and lead from the heart. References Darden, K (2003) ‘Assessments – Understanding Ourselves Better’ Career Life Institute. Available at http://www.careerlife.net/coaching/assessments/ [Accessed 25 April 2013] So, TTC. (18 July 2008) ‘

Project management report of urban regeneration project south america Essay

Project management report of urban regeneration project south america - Essay Example It also sets out a timetable for the preparation and review of these documents and covers a rolling 3-year period. The LDF is made up of the following Local Development Documents (LDDs) Statement of Community Involvement (SCI) which delineates the standards the project management team intends to adapt in an attempt to involve the community in the preparation of the LDDs and the planning application process in Guayaquil In producing the LDS the project management team has taken into consideration the fact that the Imagen Objetivo has been completed and a draft scheme has been received from the key stakeholders (Planning Portal 2005). The Pertinent Development Plan Documents (DPDs) and Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs) which will be prepared over the course of four years. These plan documents coincide with the phases of development Some of the planning policy documents that the will be produced will be development plan documents and others, such as supplementary planning documents, will not. The project management team recognizes the fact that any recommendations in the Planning Inspectors report are binding. As a general rule, supplementary planning documents are not subject to a public examination but will still be the subject of public consultation before they are adopted by the Council. For the purposes of operating within a clear time constraint, the project live cycle was designed to be coincidental with the LDS. As such, the project phasing begins with a strong focus on the development of the Commercial Centre first and foremost and subsequently the development of the New Plaza Civica, the food court, the public walkway, the refurbishment of the old fish market, the cultural centre and finally the development of the New National Art Gallery and Museum. The rationale behind beginning with the development of the Commercial Center relates to the

EMBA 560 discussion 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EMBA 560 discussion 5 - Essay Example So I searched in the internet for blogs to see how common people define it. The simplest description I got is that that of So (2008), who broke down authentic leadership into three components: self-awareness, develop and practice solid values, and lead with the heart. I was struck with this description because it was both simple and true. Self-awareness is important because most people do not realize when they are pretending, mostly to meet other people’s expectations. Solid values are crucial because they are the springboard of all our thoughts and actions. Most importantly, leading with the heart (grounded in solid values and the person’s true aspirations) connects with other people, such as the leader’s followers, in a way that engages people to people and elicits a greater commitment to the common goal. So I agree with the statement that a pretentious leader cannot yield sustainable success. An authentic leader delivers a message from the heart, and is theref ore also able to elicit a response from the heart. When the will is engaged in this way, there is a long-term commitment to sustained action, and therefore sustainable success. Messages delivered by inauthentic leaders fail to convince, are begrudgingly followed, and are soon forgotten, so success can only be short-term. Reference So, TTC. (18 July 2008) ‘Authentic Leadership – Authenticity Matters.’ Positive Psychology News Daily. Available at http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/timothy-so/20080718860 [Accessed 24 April 2013] 2. In your view, what makes an executive authentic? So (2008) described an authentic leader as having self-knowledge and solid values, and leading from the heart. Of all definitions of authentic leadership, this is probably the simplest, the easiest to comprehend, and the most complete. It includes intellectual awareness of oneself, moral grounding, and emotional candor. Of these three components, however, only one is definitive of the e ssence of authenticity. It cannot be self-awareness, which is a relative thing and can never be perfected, nor could anybody be sure that he/she is fully aware of the breadth and depth of his/herself. In fact, we evolve over time as persons, so our awareness of ourselves at any one time is already outdated. Also, how our self-knowledge is always subjective. Like Johari window (Darden, 2003) what we know about ourselves is only one quadrant. There are also those attributes known only to others, and those unknown to anyone. Then there is the development of solid values. Unfortunately, by the time we are advanced to the point of being leaders, we already have a firm set of values, whether they are good or bad, because valued are developed in childhood and adolescence. So there is not much an adult can do about his/her values but to recognize them. However, no matter their early upbringing or the level of their self-awareness, could always conduct their actions ‘from the heart.â⠂¬â„¢ Acting according to one’s convictions is entirely within the control of anyone at anytime; all one needs is the will to do it. This is the core of being an authentic executive, having the will to act and lead from the heart. References Darden, K (2003) ‘Assessments – Understanding Ourselves Better’ Career Life Institute. Available at http://www.careerlife.net/coaching/assessments/ [Accessed 25 April 2013] So, TTC. (18 July 2008) ‘

Race Based Jury Nullification Essay Example for Free

Race Based Jury Nullification Essay Jury nullification can generally be termed as the act by a jury who even though is convinced that a defendant is guilty of the charges he or she is accused of, decides to give out or acquit him or her of the charges for the jury’s own reasons (Brandy R. 2006). Jury nullification or for that matter can be defined as a process whereby the jury(s) nullifies â€Å"unfair laws by declaring guilty defendants not guilty†. On the other hand race based jury nullification involves the process of a jury acquitting an individual based on his or her race. This kind of cases is usually found in homogenous cases where the diversity of the jury is nil or very little. Earlier cases that include runaway slave laws as well as the present day cases like police shootings indicate that race based nullification is still a modern day courtroom issue. The nullification process usually takes place in the event that a criminal trial decides not to convict a defendant in spite of full proof of guilt due to the belief and view by jurors that the law is unfair or at certain times that there is an unjustly application of the said law. The basis of the nullification can be said, thus, to be â€Å"the unjustness of the law†, the application of the same law on the basis of race of a party. Additionally there are instances where cases that involve the terminally ill persons in the society are often given leniency by the jurors, when they do drugs due to their condition. The issue often is not just about nullification per se but at times is based and as such has brought a lot o debate on its essence in view of the law as well as ethics. In this paper, I will discuss the issue of race based jury nullification, its limitations as well as its merits. Finally I will evaluate the relevance of race based jury nullification in our present day society. Race based jury nullification Race based jury nullification involves the process of a jury knowingly acquitting a defendant based on his or her race and with the full knowledge that the defendant is guilty. There are empirical studies, which have shown that about 3 to 4 percent of jury criminal trails have been connected to jury nullification. The dilemma that the situation presents is overwhelming, considering that there exists no chance to stop the process of jury nullification as jurors and are never ordered or forced to convict defendants and also there is also no clause in law that makes it punishable for the juror to acquit someone. The overlying principle function of the jury is that it should complete the law, if necessary through the recognition of fundamentals of justification that traverses beyond the written laws of the land and not to â€Å"nullify† the instructions given by the judge. The focal point of reference when the jurors give the â€Å"not guilty† verdict and in the process is the issue of unjust nature of the law. Pros and cons Depending on which side of the debate you are on, this issue has both the ugly and the good side. There are various reasons why race based jury nullification has encountered criticisms even by its ardent supporters. One, the case can be used for majority cases, that is in instances where the jury consists largely of persons from the same race can effectively acquit one of their â€Å"own† (defendant from the same race). For instance, a largely constituted black jury would free a black American even tough she or he has committed a severe crime. Thus in view of the law, when a dangerous individual is acquitted on the basis of his or her race sets a bad precedence (Jemal, 1997). There are instances when white jurors have acquitted fellow whites through the process of jury nullification while in the face of it the said defendants actually engaged in an illegality that either harmed black or brown people in America. There are also instances when black jurors have freed fellow blacks on the basis of their races while they committed either a racial act or a severe crime. This has not helped the just course of the due process, blacks, whites as well as other races have engaged in the race based jury nullification, something that does not portend well for rules of the law. The nature with which the voting is normally done by the jurors is usually that of conscience, to an extent this is a total disrespect if not abuse of the laws of this land. When someone who is supposedly guilty is acquitted, this is tantamount to nullification of the very law. They are supposed to protect and on whose basis the jury even came into existence. Jury nullification has the potential to turn an otherwise coherent and cohesive society or state into some hostile, incoherent or even lead to civil strife. This is because when serious acts are committed, and rulings are based on races, the respective races may gang up against each other. It seems to be a defeat process in the face of the law that should be the guardian and protector of all. The most often conclusion drawn is usually that nullification is an integral part of power, which is essential for the checks and balances of the judicial system. Jury nullification has and will continue to play a dual role in the history of our country. There are certain instances in our history that jury nullification has proved to be a useful tool. For instance, in those cases that involved slavery or differential prosecution at certain instances let racist to go unabated. There is the possibility that over use of this power together with other real or imagined risks that it possess would be enormous if everyone were to understand and be aware of it. However, the absence of it would put and vest too much power with the executive and surely everyone else understands the consequences of excessive unbalanced power exercised by the government versus the power of the common citizens. Conclusion Overall, the race based jury nullification has been, still is and would always be a very highly debatable topic, whether one supports it or he or she is against it. In each and every argument put forward by anyone in the society for or against jury nullification process, there are strong, valid opinions and facts in support of the various respective reasons that cannot just be wished away. Having evaluated the situation, and with a critical analysis of the basis of the law of our great country, I came to a conclusion that with due respect the good job the jurors have done so far, the race based jury nullification should not be conducted or at least cordoned by the jurors. This does not mean that I am in anyway opposing or rejecting the whole idea of jury nullification. However, if the element of race becomes apart of the whole equation, then I strongly call for its ban. In my opinion and understanding of our history I believe jury nullification based on a defendant’s race does not promote unity within communities at any level. Considering the tremendous efforts our country has made towards a harmonious community and with the effort various personalities have put in educating and sensitizing people on how negative race based ideas has and can be. I believe the whole process is discriminatory and basically racial to the people in our society. This does not in any way mean that individuals should be ashamed of their races and promotes the values and ideals they stand for, but when a defendant is found guilty or innocent on the basis of the law by the jurors based on his or her race alone then there is a problem. Either the problem is with the law or our society but none of us wants either of these two scenarios. The basis for any juror’s decision should be facts, information as well as evidence that they receive throughout the trail. Jurors prejudices be it racial or otherwise should be left at their door steps before they get into the streets leave alone the courtrooms. Reference: Brandy Rivera, 2006, Race based jury nullification. Associated Content Cato Books 1999: Jurors Should Know Their Rights: A historical look at jury independence Jemal, 1997, Race Based Jury Nullification: A Path To Equality! http://www. geocities. com/athens/olympus/1320/nullification. htm Scheflin, Alan W. , (1999) California Bar Journal, Point Counter Point Is it ever proper for juries to ignore or reinterpret the law? , Retrieved September 28, 2007 from http://www. calbar. ca. gov/calbar/2cbj/99mar/page14-1. htm

Analysis of International Relations Theory

Analysis of International Relations Theory INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY Why do states behave the way they do in the international system? Some people argue that this is a question of international relations theory while others say it is a question of foreign policy theory[1]. For our purposes, we shall consider them as the same issue. The behaviour of the states is the central question which the theories of International Relations or theories of foreign policy are trying to answer. Various authors develop theory to explain the behaviour of ‘all states’ and not just ‘one state’ which leads to the problem. No single theory is able to encompass all states. Finding a universal pattern has evaded us so far and the various theories stated are only an attempt to get one theory which defines the behaviour of most of the states. Few of these theories are briefly touched upon in the following paragraphs. Realism. Realists believe that the international system is defined by anarchy. States are sovereign and thus autonomous of each other and no inherent structure or society can emerge or even exist to order relations between them. In International Relations, political realism is a tradition of analysis that stresses the imperatives states face to pursue a power politics of the national interest[2]. Realist emphasises the constraints on politics imposed by human selfishness (‘egoism’) and the absence of international government (‘anarchy’), which require ‘the primacy in all political life of power and security[3]. Classical realism. This is a state level theory that argues that all states search for power and this is the first and last principle of state behaviour. States seek to increase their power; they seek to decrease the power of their enemies; and everything they do is in the name of amassing power. States see other powerful states as rivals because power, when it is not in your hands, is threatening[4]. There can be peace. However, a durable peace is based upon a unwavering balance of power. If a state is not confident of winning a war, it generally will not start one. Neo-realism. This theory suggests a system that is an offshoot of classical realism. It agrees to all of what classical realism does. However, it sees the cause of all the power struggles and rivalries not as a function of the nature of states, but as a function of the nature of the international system[5]. States are considered as being alone in the arena of the world. There is no world government or a set up looking out for other states. There are no rules that can’t be broken. The world is in a set of lawlessness and states do what they can get away with in order to gain power. States do what they must to protect themselves. This theory dominates scholarly thinking today and is sometimes referred to in respect of the international relations prevalent in South Asia[6]. Neo-Classical realism. This theory is in a way restoration of classical realism. It accepts all about power rivalries, but it suggests that state characteristics (state level variables) play a major role in the behaviour of states. States don’t just search for power. They do not simply fear other powerful states but there are reasons that states seek power and there are reasons that states fear other states. It’s a sort of combination of classical realism and neo-realism that factors in both system level and state level variables. Liberalism. The Liberalism theory adds values into the equation. It is often called idealism. It is a state level theory which argues that there is a lot of cooperation in the world, not just rivalry. States don’t just compete or worry about power. States try to build a more just world order. For liberals, peace is the normal state of affairs. In Kant’s words, peace can be perpetual[7]. Neo-liberalism. This is an offshoot of liberalism. It is a system level translation of liberalism and focuses on the way in which institutions can influence the behaviour of states by spreading values or creating rule-based behaviour[8]. Neo-liberals might focus on the role of the United Nations or World Trade Organization in shaping the foreign policy behaviour of states. Rationalism. This theory, like realism begins with anarchy but unlike realism, it acknowledges that the sense of belonging to the community of humankind has left its civilising mark upon the state and international relation[9]. Constructivism is a theory that examines state behaviour in the context of state’s characteristics. All states are distinctive and have a set of defining economic, political, social, religious or cultural characteristics that influence its foreign policy. States have identities and those identities characterise their behaviour in the international system. A late-twentieth-century addition to international relations, Constructivism has returned international relations scholars to the foundation questions including the nature of state and the concepts of sovereignty, identity and citizenship. In addition, it has opened new substantive areas to enquire such as role of gender and ethnicity which has been largely absent from other theories[10]. Marxism, Critical Theory, Post Modernism, Feminism, Green Politics, English School and Critical Theory are few other popular theories in regards to International theories. Each author is developing a theory in order to explain the behaviour of all states and not just few of them. Finding a common pattern of activity, common rules that can be used to explain why all state behave in a manner has not been possible so far. Hence, trying to analyse the relations between two countries on the datum of these existing theory will not be doing justice. Scholars see several levels of analysis through which state behaviour can be examined and these form the basis of IR theories itself. These levels shall be discussed in the following paragraphs. Levels of Analysis System level. This level of analysis examines state behaviour by looking at the international system. In this level of analysis, the international system acts as the cause which leads to the effect of state behaviour. Any change in the international system causes change in state behaviour. State level. This level of analysis examines the foreign policy behaviour of states in terms of state’s characteristics. The state’s characteristics foreign policy may be simply manifestation of its cultural characteristic or may be defined by the religious or social traditions, historical legacy of the state, the economic nature and geographic nature of the state. Organisational level. This level of analysis examines the way in which organisations within state influence foreign policy behaviour. If this level is dominant, the States does not make decisions. Organisations negotiate with each other to create a foreign policy that is a settlement between competing organisations. Individual level. This level of analysis focuses on people. Since people are the ones who make decisions within nation states, therefore, it can be said that it is these people who govern foreign policy. This level of analysis explains foreign policy by looking at the way leaders understand /perceive the world. Although all scholars acknowledge the utility of paying attention to levels of the analysis, they differ on how many levels are useful in explaining events. Most political scientists apply between three and six levels[11]. For the purpose of this paper, above four levels will be considered for the analysis of Indo-Sri Lankan relations. [1] Newmann,Bill. ‘A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy’. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http://www.people.vcu.edu/~wnewmann/468theory.htm> [2] Burchill,Scott, et al. Theories of International relations. Third Edition. 2005. New York. Palgrave Macmilan.P 29 [3] Ibid. P 30 [4] Newmann,Bill. ‘A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy’. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http://www.people.vcu.edu/~wnewmann/468theory.htm> [5] Ibid. [6] Newmann,Bill. ‘A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy’. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http://www.people.vcu.edu/~wnewmann/468theory.htm> [7] Burchill,Scott , Linklater,Andrew, et al. Theories of International Relations. First edition. 1996. New York and London. Macmillam. .P 31 [8] Newmann,Bill. ‘A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy’. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http://www.people.vcu.edu/~wnewmann/468theory.htm> [9] Burchill,Scott , Linklater,Andrew, et al. Theories of International Relations. First edition. 1996. New York and London. Macmillam. .P 94 [10] Mingst, Karen and Arreguin-Toft, Ivan M. Essentials of International Relations. Fifth Edition.2011. New York and London. WW Norton Company. P84 [11] Mingst, Karen and Arreguin-Toft, Ivan M. Essentials of International Relations. Fifth Edition.2011. New York and London. WW Norton Company. P69

WWF as a Business Essay -- WWF Wrestling Entertainment Essays

WWF as a Business Since 1890, professional wrestling has garnered the attention of the public. However, no one has capitalized on this sport’s entertainment value more than the World Wrestling Federation and Vince McMahon Jr. Vince McMahon Jr. acquired the WWF from his father Vice McMahon Sr. in 1982. Vince McMahon Jr.’s succession brought along freshness, flare, success, and much controversy to the world of professional wrestling. Before McMahon’s takeover of his father’s company, professional wrestling had various territories across the country in which each was headed by a â€Å"little lord.† These people in charge followed a gentleman’s agreement in which no takeovers of different territories were allowed. McMahon, however, broke this mold and took over all the markets by signing wrestlers to lucrative contracts, creating a â€Å"rock show† type of venue, and occupying prime television slots. The WWF began to enjoy much success as it took advantage of the cable network USA Network and delved into pay-per-view events. This period of time for the WWF was somewhat monopolistic because of a lack of competition in the industry. After a failing attempt to buy some of the WWF’s stock, Ted Turner, owner of the TBS Network, sought to get into the wrestling business for himself. Ted Turner created the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and brought direct competition to the WWF. The WCW challenged the WWF’s success in every way, including its Monday night showcase and its use of headlining characters. Competition amongst the two wrestling corporations was brought to a head with a fight over WWF superstar, Bret â€Å"The Hitman† Hart. Pressing Issues The WWF is in a constant battle against time and the audience’s ever-changing wants and desires causing consistent reinvention. During early years of wrestling it was clear wrestling had no identity. Wrestlers would travel from region to region fighting in promoted venues, the sport slowly began to gain popularity but quickly lost steam during the Radio and TV age where popularity shifted to sports like boxing, baseball, and football. During this time Vince McMahon Sr. would begin the first of many reinventions of the sport. Changes included starting a full scale wrestling federation (WWF) and the inception of a championship which wrestlers would compete for. Along with having to always change the image ... ...Recommended Response In order to maintain a competitive advantage, McMahon must come up with new, innovative ideas to make his wrestlers famous. McMahon has a reputation of consistently changing characters from good to evil and vice versa. By doing so, McMahon is confusing his WWF audience, whom are flocking to the WCW and their favorite characters. The WCW’s tactic of utilizing old WWF characters in their wrestling matches is overshadowing the tactics of McMahon. Creating new characters and maintaining their images will generate a new audience to the WWF. To effectively compete with the WCW, McMahon and the WWF should consider investing in a broadcasting network of their own. By doing this, the WWF will be able to expand their media coverage and compete with Turner, who already owns his own network. Another way to compete with the WCW is to refrain from using controversial issues in the wrestling matches. Conveying controversial views limits the audience that is usually generated by the WWF. As a last alternative, the WWF should consider merging with the WCW. Through merging, McMahon will be able to keep his pride and not risk completely loosing the family business.

Lincoln, Labor and Liberation Essay example -- United States History L

Lincoln, Labor and Liberation The free labor ideology of the nineteenth century was grounded in the beliefs that Northern free labor was superior to Southern slave labor. The key factor that made this system unique was â€Å"the opportunity it offers wage earners to rise to property-owning independence.† [1] It was this free labor ideology and not the republicanism of the Revolutionary War era that caused slavery to be problematic by the time of the Civil War. This ideology was comprehensive—it had economic, social, moral, and political aspects. All facets of the theory need to be explored in order to fully understand how and why slavery became such an important issue. Free labor became the center of the Republican ideology in 1852, with the foundation of the Republican Party. It was the result of the economically expanding, enterprising, and competitive society of the early nineteenth century. The word â€Å"labor† had slowly begun to take on new meaning. Previously, it meant only those who were involved in the production of goods. Society was strictly divided into two main groups, those who worked and those who profited from the work of others. By the 1840s, the wage-earning labor class was defined as the entire North. It was made up of those men who owned their own farms, worked their own soil, were educated, and most importantly, were independent. Free labor ideology drew few distinctions between classes. A laborer was a craftsman, a merchant, a small businessman, or a farmer. Northern society offered opportunities to all who sought them, and enabled most to achieve independence and property. Northerners believed this economy would lead to a more equal distribution of wealth, rather than aid the development of a... ...onville, â€Å"The Abolitionists†, December 3, 2001 [10] Foner, 111 [11] Foner, 235 [12] Richard D. Brown, Major Problems in the Era of the American Revolution, 1760-1791 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000), 409 [13] Brown, 410 [14] Joseph J. Ellis, Founding Brothers: the Revolutionary Generation (New York: Alfred A. Knoph, Publisher, 2000) 158 [15] Kevin Tanner, â€Å"Sectionalism: 1850s†, lecture given at Binghamton University December 5, 2001 [16] Brown, 274 [17] Brown, 281 [18] Brown, 282 [19] Ellis, 81 [20] Ellis, 158 [21] McConville, â€Å"Slavery From Rebellion to Revolution†, November 5, 2001 [22] McConville, â€Å"From Jacksonian Democracy to Sectional Conflict†, November 28, 2001 [23] James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: the Civil War Era (New York: Ballantine Books, 1988), 28 [24] Foner, 309